The problem of import substitution in metallurgy and refractory industry

Abstract

The problem of import substitution in metallurgy and refractory industry is considered. The state does not classify metallurgy as an industry that is heavily dependent on imports. Despite this, enterprises have problems in acquiring spare parts for operating equipment. In the refractory industry, due to Western sanctions, problems arose in obtaining raw materials for modern refractories for critical purposes. This problem can be solved by using parallel imports from China and friendly countries. Ref. 8.